Full Report

Format

Full Report
Summary (Text)
Summary (XML)

Send to:

Choose Destination

File
Clipboard
Collections

Extrapyramidal disease

MedGen UID:: 41927
•Concept ID:: C0015371
•: Disease or Syndrome

Synonyms:	Extrapyramidal Disorder; Extrapyramidal Disorders
SNOMED CT:	Extrapyramidal disease (76349003); Extrapyramidal disorder (76349003)

Definition

A movement disorder caused by defects in the basal ganglia. The clinical manifestations include changes in the muscle tone, dyskinesia, and akinesia. Causes include vascular disorders, degenerative disorders, and antipsychotic drugs. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVExtrapyramidal disease

Pathological process
- Disease
  - Non-Neoplastic Disorder
    - Non-Neoplastic Disorder by Special Category
      - Degenerative disorder
        Degenerative disease of the central nervous system
        Extrapyramidal disease
        Parkinson disease
        Autosomal dominant Parkinson disease 1
        Autosomal dominant Parkinson disease 4
        Autosomal dominant Parkinson disease 8
        Autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson disease 6
        Autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson disease 7
        Autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease 2
        Autosomal recessive Parkinson disease 14
        Juvenile paralysis agitans of Hunt
        Kufor-Rakeb syndrome
        Parkinsonism due to ATP13A2 deficiency
        Parkinson disease 6
        Parkinson disease, autosomal recessive early-onset, digenic, PINK1/DJ1
        Parkinson disease 10
        Parkinson disease 11, autosomal dominant, susceptibility to
        Parkinson disease 12
        Parkinson disease 13, autosomal dominant, susceptibility to
        Parkinson disease 16
        Parkinson disease 17
        Parkinson disease 3, autosomal dominant
        Parkinson disease 5, autosomal dominant, susceptibility to
        Parkinson disease, late-onset
        Parkinson disease, mitochondrial
        Parkinsonian-pyramidal syndrome

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Treatment of dysautonomia in extrapyramidal disorders.

Ziemssen T, Fuchs G, Greulich W, Reichmann H, Schwarz M, Herting B
J Neurol 2011 May;258(Suppl 2):S339-45. doi: 10.1007/s00415-011-5946-8. PMID: 21560066

The pathogensis and medical treatment of extrapyramidal disease.

Calne DB, Eisler T
Med Clin North Am 1979 Jul;63(4):715-27. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)31670-4. PMID: 157413

L-Dopa and the treatment of extrapyramidal disease.

Pelton EW 2nd, Chase TN
Adv Pharmacol Chemother 1975;13:253-304. doi: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60233-1. PMID: 1106161

See all (5)

Recent clinical studies

Therapy

Effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture in treating Parkinson disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analyses.

Xu W, OuYang S, Chi Z, Wang Z, Zhu D, Chen R, Zhong G, Zhang F, Zhou G, Duan S, Jiao L
Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Mar 12;100(10):e25095. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025095. PMID: 33725902 Free PMC Article

Influence of dopamine and disease severity on primitive reflexes in Parkinson's disease.

Huber SJ, Paulson GW
Eur Neurol 1989;29(3):141-4. doi: 10.1159/000116397. PMID: 2731561

Combination therapy of extrapyramidal disease with trihexyphenidyl and L-dopa: an electromyographic study with specific reference to tremor.

Hökendorf H
J Int Med Res 1979;7(1):19-28. doi: 10.1177/030006057900700103. PMID: 421963

The pathogensis and medical treatment of extrapyramidal disease.

Calne DB, Eisler T
Med Clin North Am 1979 Jul;63(4):715-27. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)31670-4. PMID: 157413

L-Dopa and the treatment of extrapyramidal disease.

Pelton EW 2nd, Chase TN
Adv Pharmacol Chemother 1975;13:253-304. doi: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60233-1. PMID: 1106161

See all (19)

Prognosis

Baroreflex sensitivity and power spectral analysis in different extrapyramidal syndromes.

Friedrich C, Rüdiger H, Schmidt C, Herting B, Prieur S, Junghanns S, Schweitzer K, Globas C, Schöls L, Berg D, Reichmann H, Ziemssen T
J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2008 Nov;115(11):1527-36. Epub 2008 Sep 20 doi: 10.1007/s00702-008-0127-3. PMID: 18806923

Hereditary causes of disturbed iron homeostasis in the central nervous system.

Ponka P
Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004 Mar;1012:267-81. doi: 10.1196/annals.1306.022. PMID: 15105272

Rare causes of hereditary iron overload.

Ponka P
Semin Hematol 2002 Oct;39(4):249-62. doi: 10.1053/shem.2002.35638. PMID: 12382200

Dysphagia in progressive supranuclear palsy: radiologic features.

Leopold NA, Kagel MC
Dysphagia 1997 Summer;12(3):140-3. doi: 10.1007/PL00009528. PMID: 9190099

Early-onset dementia and extrapyramidal disease: clinicopathological variant of Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker or Alzheimer's disease?

Hart J Jr, Gordon B
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990 Nov;53(11):932-4. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.53.11.932. PMID: 2283522 Free PMC Article

See all (10)

Clinical prediction guides

A brief history of brain iron accumulation in Parkinson disease and related disorders.

Foley PB, Hare DJ, Double KL
J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022 Jun;129(5-6):505-520. Epub 2022 May 9 doi: 10.1007/s00702-022-02505-5. PMID: 35534717 Free PMC Article